Ces évolutions ont des répercussions sur les stratégies de croissance et de collaboration dans l’écosystème financier ouest-africain. Les comportements de consommation ont évolué sous l’effet des nouvelles technologies et les banques font désormais face à l’arrivée des FinTech proposant des modèles disruptifs, dans un contexte de durcissement de la réglementation prudentielle. Les pratiques numériques sont les mêmes, par contre les applications et les contenus informationnels sont très souvent en rapport aux réalités locales. Peu importe comment on la désigne : révolution ou transition numérique, elle change profondément la structure organisationnelle des marchés, des sociétés et des processus de production. Le numérique est devenu inéluctable et actuellement aucune entreprise ne peut échapper à son influence. These social actions consist of signs that make up a coherent communicative system which provides BLM activists with instruments in the struggle over the memory of slavery, white supremacy and oppression of the past for the rights of the black minority in the present in a better society of racial equality, human rights, and liberation. The analysis of the images reveals a common thematic structure and encoded messages produced in order to change the cultural and social norms of the USA national discourse generated and cultivated within a specific ideological and historical context. Besides its general analytical framework, the integrated CDA approach combines Fairclough's (1995) three-dimensional analytical approach, which presupposes examining text, discursive practice, and sociocultural practice, with Reisigl and Wodak's (2001, 2017) Discourse Historical Analysis (DHA), which investigates ideology and racism within their socio-cultural and historic context. However, for a comprehensive analytical understanding, the study also makes use of a multidisciplinary Critical Discourse Analysis CDA approach which provides a systematic method to examine and expose power relations, inequality, dominance, and oppression in social practices. The research employs a critical approach to semiotics based on Roland Barthes' (1964) semiotic model of levels of signification. This study examines signs and, therefore, the system of representations involved in toppling statues performed by BLM activists and documented in photos. These social practices of toppling statues have a discursive value and, since they are meant to communicate a message to the broader society, these actions are incorporated into a semiotic system. The death of unarmed black male George Floyd, who was killed by a white police officer in Minneapolis, May 25, 2020, has given momentum to the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement whose activists rallied in different parts of the world to remove or deface monuments to historic figures associated with racism, slavery, and colonialism.
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